Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States.
Satoh M, Chan EK, Ho LA, Rose KM, Parks CG, Cohn RD, Jusko TA, Walker NJ, Germolec DR, Whitt IZ, Crockett PW, Pauley BA, Chan JY, Ross SJ, Birnbaum LS, Zeldin DC, Miller FW.
Source
Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE.:
To estimate the prevalence, types and sociodemographic and biobehavioral correlates of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the United States (U.S.).
METHODS.:
Cross-sectional analysis of 4,754 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004.
ANA by indirect immunofluorescence, including cellular staining patterns and specific autoantibody reactivities by immunoprecipitation in those with ANA.
RESULTS.:
ANA prevalence in the U.S. population ages 12 years and older was 13.8% (95% CI, 12.2% to 15.5%).
ANA increased with age (P = 0.01) and were more prevalent among females than males (17.8% vs. 9.6%, P < 0.001), with the female to male ratio peaking at 40-49 years of age.
ANA prevalence was modestly higher in African Americans than whites (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [POR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.70).
Remarkably, ANA were less common in overweight and obese (adjusted POR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.94) individuals than persons of normal weight.
No significant associations were seen with education, family income, alcohol use, smoking history, serum levels of cotinine or C-reactive protein.
In ANA-positive individuals, nuclear patterns were seen in 84.6%, cytoplasmic patterns in 21.8%, and nucleolar patterns in 6.1%, and the most common specific autoantibodies were anti-Ro (3.9%) and anti-Su (2.4%).
CONCLUSION.:
These findings suggest that over 32 million persons in the U.S. have ANA and the prevalence is higher among females, older individuals, African Americans and those with normal weight.
These data will serve as a useful baseline for future investigations of predictors and changes in ANA prevalence over time
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